RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBALE STATUS REPORT

.Google Documens (p80:pdf) :
RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBALE STATUS REPORT
http://www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/REN21_GSR_2010_full.pdf
http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/GSR/REN21_GSR_2010_full_revised%20Sept2010.pdf
.Google Documens (p61:pdf) :
Global Trend in Sustainable Energy Investment 2010
Analysis of Trends and Isssues in the Financing of RenewableEnergy and energy Efficiency
http://sefi.unep.org/fileadmin/media/sefi/docs/publications/UNEP_v2_proof9.pdf
【From】: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2010/07/the-state-of-new-energy-investing?cmpid=rss
========= ========

希望のある未来社会を創ろう

【Let's create hopeful future.】
世界の人口増大にともなって、世界的な大きな課題となってきた食料問題の解決や雇用創出を目的として、自然再生循環系(sustainable)の経済・社会体制を創造し、地球温暖化防止の係る環境創造を発展させるために、地球の表面積の約70%の海洋の利用や海洋資源開発関係等の新しい海洋開発産業・事業、大規模洋上風力発電等のプロジェクトを構築し世界の青年の夢と希望を拡げながら国際的な協力で、希望のある未来社会を創って行きましょう。

Prisident Obama 氏の支援グループへの私の過去のメール

President Obama 氏の支援グループへの私のメール
How do you do. 
 My name is yuuji matuoka , as a civil ocean engineer in japan , age 61. I want to show my presentation about the ocean development aiming at making the peaceful world to the President of Obama USA. ( : My this presentation is always my lifework. ) How do you come to be able to do it from poor life in rich life? How to change to be able to do it from the poor people to the plentful people? The Ocean Development was presented by J.F.Kennedy before about 40 years ago. Here are many objects on the subjects in these difficult big projects, but I believe it will be possible and succeed. Those many projects will be able to make up many jobs for worldwide people. The best leader will be present both The hope and The Dream for many people believing the leader. Please show to USA President Obama my presentation. I hope USA President Mr.Obama will succeed as Best excellent top leader in the world at 21century.
This is my presentation. : 私の海洋開発提案 : ノアの箱舟を創ろう-Super Floating Structure
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/pub?hl=ja&hl=ja&key=0Aj0s8hP9-4RddEtHWWRZOTlrRk1RRHc5ZzlKVk1LRVE&output=html
2009.1.29
===============
===============

OREC- Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition

OREC- Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition
Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition http://www.oceanrenewable.com/
President Obama Announces Ocean Task Force On June 12, 2009, President Obama announced the formation...
Markey/Waxman legislation on Climate Change Released; News for Marine Renewables Developers On May 15, 2009, Representatives Waxman and Markey...
Congressional Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency EXPO & Forum SUSTAINABLE ENERGY COALITION MARK YOUR CALENDAR ...
http://www.oceanrenewable.com/2008/10/30/201/
~~~ ~~~ ~~~
メールで、私に a business co-operation and your assistance の協力の申し出が米国系の機関(Wright Matthew)からありました。 2010.5.19
~~~  ~~~  ~~~
From: Wright Matthew Sent: Monday, May 17, 2010 6:06 PM To: undisclosed-recipients: Subject: I need your co-operation
I need your co-operation
Hello , I am writing to you for a business co-operation and your assistance . I have some money, i will like to invest with you in your country on a good areas you could choose . I will give you further details when i read from you. I secured your contact through a directory and that is why I have written to ask for a business co-operation with you. I await your response.
Thank you. Wright Matthew.
~~~ ~~~ ~~~
【参考リンク】: http://www.oceanrenewable.com/2010/03/12/matt-r-simmons-to-address-gmrec-iii-during-thursday-april-15th-luncheon/
Matt R. Simmons to Address GMREC III during Thursday, April 15th Luncheon
March 12, 2010 by TMarieHilton
Filed under Announcements, Blog, OREC Newsroom
Matthew R. Simmons is Chairman Emeritus of Simmons & Company International, a specialized energy investment banking firm. The firm has completed approximately 770 investment banking projects for its worldwide energy clients at a combined dollar value in excess of $140 billion.
Mr. Simmons was raised in Kaysville, Utah. He graduated cum laude from the University of Utah and received an MBA with Distinction from Harvard Business School. He served on the faculty of Harvard Business School as a Research Associate for two years and was a Doctoral Candidate.
Mr. Simmons began a small investment bank/advisory firm in Boston. Among his early clients were several subsea service companies. By 1973, almost all of his clients were oil service companies. Following the 1973 Oil Shock, Simmons decided to create a Houston-based firm to concentrate on providing highest quality investment banking advice to the worldwide oil service industry. Over time, the specialization expanded into investment banking covering all aspects of the global energy industry.
SCI’s offices are located in Houston, Texas; London, England; Boston, Massachusetts; Aberdeen, Scotland and Dubai, UAE. In 2007, Mr. Simmons founded The Ocean Energy Institute in Mid-Coast Maine. The Institute’s focus is to research and create renewable energy sources from all aspects of our oceans.
Simmons serves on the Board of Directors of Houston Technology Center (Houston) and the Center for Houston’s Future (Houston). He also serves on The University of Texas’ M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Foundation Board of Visitors (Houston) and is a Trustee of the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Sciences. In addition, he is past Chairman of the National Ocean Industry Association. Mr. Simmons is a past President of the Harvard Business School Alumni Association and a former member of the Visiting Committee of Harvard Business School. He is a member of the National Petroleum Council, Council on Foreign Relations and The Atlantic Council of the United States. Mr. Simmons is a Trustee of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, The Island Institute and Farnsworth Art Museum in Maine.
Mr. Simmons’ recently published book Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy has been listed on the Wall Street Journal’s best-seller list. He has also published numerous energy papers for industry journals and is a frequent speaker at government forums, energy symposiums and in boardrooms of many leading energy companies around the world.
Mr. Simmons is married and has five daughters. His hobbies include watercolors, cooking, writing and travel.
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2010年5月20日木曜日

Okinawa Prefecture (沖縄県 Okinawa-ken):Wikipedia

【出展リンク】:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Okinawa Prefecture
Okinawan:Uchinaa-ken
Japanese:沖縄県
Okinawa-ken
Map of Japan with Okinawa highlighted
CapitalNaha
RegionKyūshū
IslandOkinawa
GovernorHirokazu Nakaima
Area (rank)2,271.30 km² (44th)
 - % water0.5%
Population  (December 1, 2008)
 - Population1,379,338 (32nd)
 - Density606 /km²
Districts5
Municipalities41
ISO 3166-2JP-47
Websitewww.pref.okinawa.jp/
english/
Prefectural symbols
 - FlowerDeigo (Erythrina variegata)
 - TreePinus luchuensis(ryūkyūmatsu)
 - BirdOkinawa woodpecker(Sapheopipo noguchii)
 - FishBanana Fish (Caesio diagramma,"Takasago", "Gurukan")
Symbol of Okinawa Prefecture
Symbol of Okinawa Prefecture
Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject Japan

Location of Ryukyu Islands
Okinawa Prefecture (沖縄県 Okinawa-ken?OkinawanUchinaa-ken) is one of Japan's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1,000 km long, which extends southwest from Kyūshū (the southwesternmost of Japan's main four islands) to Taiwan. Okinawa's capital, Naha, is located in the southern part of the largest and most populous island, Okinawa Island, which is approximately half-way between Kyūshū and Taiwan. The disputed Senkaku Islands (Mandarin: Diaoyu Islands) are also administered as part of Okinawa Prefecture at present.

Contents

 [hide]

[edit]History

The oldest evidence of human existence in the Ryukyu islands was discovered in Naha andYaese[1]. Some human bone fragments from the Paleolithic era were unearthed, but there is no clear evidence of Paleolithic remains. Japanese Jōmon influences are dominant in theOkinawa Islands, although clay vessels in the Sakishima Islands have a commonality with those in Taiwan.
The first mention of the word Ryukyu was written in the Book of Sui. This Ryukyu might refer to Taiwan, not the Ryukyu islands.[citation needed] Okinawa was the Japanese word depicting the islands, first seen in the biography of Jianzhen, written in 779. Agricultural societies begun in the 8th century slowly developed until the 12th century. Since the islands are located in the center of the East China Sea relatively close to JapanChina andSouth-East Asia, the Ryūkyū Kingdom became a prosperous trading nation. Also during this period, many Gusukus, similar to castles, were constructed. The Ryūkyū Kingdom had atributary relationship with the Chinese Empire beginning in the 15th century.
In 1609 the Satsuma clan, which controlled the region that is now Kagoshima Prefecture, invaded the Ryūkyū Kingdom. The Ryūkyū Kingdom was obliged to agree to form a tributary relationship with the Satsuma and the Tokugawa shogunate, while maintaining its previous tributary relationship with China; Ryukyuan sovereignty was maintained since complete annexation would have created a conflict with China. The Satsuma clan earned considerable profits from trades with China during a period in which foreign trade was heavily restricted by the shogunate.
Though Satsuma maintained strong influence over the islands, the Ryūkyū Kingdom maintained a considerable degree of domestic political freedom for over two hundred years. Four years after the 1868 Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government, through military incursions, officially annexed the kingdom and renamed it Ryukyu han. At the time, the Qing Dynasty of China asserted sovereignty over the islands of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, since the Ryūkyū Kingdom was also a tributary nation of China. Ryukyu han became Okinawa Prefecture of Japan in 1879, even though all other hans had become prefectures of Japan in 1872. In 1912, Okinawans first obtained the right to vote to send representatives to the national Diet which had been established in 1890.[2]
Following the Battle of Okinawa and the end of World War II in 1945, Okinawa was under United States administration for 27 years. During the trusteeship rule the United States Air Force established numerous military bases on the Ryukyu islands. During the Korean WarB-29 Superfortress's flew bombing missions from Kadena AFB over Korea and China.
In 1972, the U.S. government returned the islands to Japanese administration. Under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security, the United States Forces Japan (USFJ) have maintained a large military presence. 27,000 personnel, including 15,000 Marines, contingents from the Navy, Army and Air Force, and their 22,000 family members are stationed in Okinawa.[3] Since 1960, the U.S. and Japan have maintained an agreement that allows the U.S. to secretly bring nuclear weapons into Japan. Both tactical and strategic weapons have been maintained in Okinawa.[4] 18% of the main island was occupied by U.S. military bases and 75% of all USFJ bases are located in Okinawa prefecture.[5]
Accidents and crimes committed by U.S. servicemen have reduced the local population's support for the U.S. military bases and drawn new interest in the Ryukyu independence movement that developed after 1945. The rape of a 12-year-old girl by U.S. servicemen in 1995 triggered large protests in Okinawa. Partially as a result but also to deploy USFJ more efficiently, the U.S. and Japanese governments agreed in 2006 to the relocation of the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma and other minor bases. A new Japanese government that came to power in 2009 froze the relocation plan, but in April 2010 indicated their interest in resolving the issue by proposing a modified plan.[6]

[edit]Geography

[edit]Major islands


The islands of Okinawa Prefecture.
The set of islands belonging to the prefecture is called Ryūkyū Shotō (琉球諸島). Okinawa's inhabited islands are typically divided into three geographical archipelagos. From northeast to southwest:

[edit]Cities


Map of Okinawa Prefecture.
Okinawa Prefecture includes eleven cities. Okinawan names are in parentheses.

[edit]Towns and villages

These are the towns and villages in each district.

[edit]Mergers

[edit]Geology


Gusuku ruins.

Shuri Castle Naha
The island is largely composed of coral rock, and rainwater filtering through that coral has given the island many caves, which played an important role in the Battle of OkinawaGyokusendo is an extensive limestone cave in the southern part of Okinawa's main island.

[edit]Climate

The island experiences temperatures above 20 °C (68 °F) for most of the year. Okinawa and the many islands that make up the prefecture contains some of the most abundant coral reefs found in the world.[citation needed] Rare blue corals are found off of Ishigaki and Miyako islands as are numerous species throughout the chain.[citation needed]

[edit]Demography

Okinawa prefecture age pyramid as of October 1, 2003
(per 1000s of people)
AgePeople
0-4G50.pngG30.pngG05.pngG03.pngG01.png 84
5-9G50.pngG30.pngG10.png 85
10-14G50.pngG30.pngG10.pngG01.pngG01.png 87
15-19G50.pngG30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG03.pngG01.png 94
20-24G50.pngG30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG01.png 91
25-29G100.pngG01.pngG01.png 97
30-34G100.pngG03.pngG01.png 99
35-39G50.pngG30.pngG10.pngG01.pngG01.png 87
40-44G50.pngG30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG01.png 91
45-49G100.pngG01.png 96
50-54G100.pngG05.pngG01.png 100
55-59G50.pngG10.pngG05.pngG01.pngG01.png 64
60-64G50.pngG10.pngG05.pngG03.png 65
65-69G50.pngG10.pngG05.pngG03.pngG01.png 66
70-74G50.pngG05.pngG01.png 53
75-79G30.pngG05.pngG03.pngG01.png 37
80 +G50.pngG05.pngG03.png 55
Okinawa Prefecture age pyramid, divided by sex, as of October 1, 2003
(per 1000s of people)
MalesAgeFemales
43 G30.pngG10.pngG05.png0-4R30.pngR10.pngR03.png 41
44 G30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG01.png5-9R30.pngR10.pngR03.png 41
45 G30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG01.pngG01.png10-14R30.pngR10.pngR03.pngR01.png 42
48 G50.png15-19R30.pngR10.pngR05.pngR03.png 46
46 G30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG03.png20-24R30.pngR10.pngR05.pngR01.pngR01.png 45
49 G50.pngG01.png25-29R50.png 48
49 G50.pngG01.png30-34R50.pngR03.png 50
43 G30.pngG10.pngG05.png35-39R30.pngR10.pngR05.pngR01.png 44
46 G30.pngG10.pngG05.pngG03.png40-44R30.pngR10.pngR05.pngR01.pngR01.png 45
49 G50.pngG01.png45-49R30.pngR10.pngR05.pngR03.pngR01.png 47
52 G50.pngG05.png50-54R50.png 48
32 G30.pngG03.png55-59R30.pngR03.png 32
32 G30.pngG03.png60-64R30.pngR03.pngR01.png 33
32 G30.pngG03.png65-69R30.pngR05.pngR01.png 34
24 G10.pngG10.pngG05.png70-74R30.png 29
14 G10.pngG03.pngG01.png75-79R10.pngR10.pngR03.pngR01.png 23
17 G10.pngG05.pngG03.png80 +R30.pngR10.png 38

[edit]Natural history

Coral reefs found in this region of Japan, provides an environment to specific fauna. The Sea turtles return yearly to the southern islands of Okinawa to lay their eggs. The summer months carry warnings to swimmers regarding poisonous jellyfish and other dangerous sea creatures. Okinawa is a major producer of sugar canepineapplepapaya, and other tropical fruit, and the Southeast Botanical Gardens represent tropical plant species.

[edit]Language and culture


Shisa on a traditional tile roof.

Awamori pots.
Having historically been a separate nation, Okinawan language and culture differ in many ways from that of mainland Japan.

[edit]Language

There remain numerous Ryukyuan languages which are more-or-less incomprehensible to Japanesespeakers. These languages are in decline as the Mainland Japanese is being used by the younger generation. Many linguists, at least those outside Japan, consider Ryukyuan languages as different languages from Japanese, while they are generally perceived as "dialects" by mainland Japanese and Okinawans themselves. Standard Japanese is almost always used in formal situations. In informal situations, de facto everyday language among Okinawans under age 60 is Okinawa-accented mainland Japanese called ウチナーヤマトグチ (Uchinaa Yamatoguchi "Okinawan Japanese"), which is often misunderstood as Okinawan language proper, ウチナーグチ (Uchinaaguchi "Okinawan language").Uchinaaguchi is still used in traditional cultural activities, such as folk music, or folk dance. There is a radio news program in the language as well. [3]

[edit]Religion

Okinawa also has its own religious beliefs, generally characterized by ancestor worship and the respecting of relationships between the living, the dead, and the gods and spirits of the natural world.

[edit]Cultural influences

Okinawan culture bears traces of its various trading partners. One can find ChineseThai andAustronesian influences in the island's customs. Perhaps Okinawa's most famous cultural export iskarate, probably a product of the close ties with and influence of China on Okinawan culture. Karate is thought to be a synthesis of Chinese kung fu with traditional Okinawan martial arts. A ban on weapons in Okinawa for two long periods after the invasion and forced annexation by Japan during the Meiji Restoration period also very likely contributed to its development.
Another traditional Okinawan product that owes its existence to Okinawa's trading history isawamori—an Okinawan distilled spirit made from indica rice imported from Thailand.

[edit]Other cultural characteristics

The people of Okinawa maintain a strong tradition of pottery, textiles, and glass making.
Other prominent examples of Okinawan culture include the sanshin—a three-stringed Okinawan instrument, closely related to the Chinese sanxian, and ancestor of the Japanese shamisen, somewhat similar to a banjo. Its body is often bound with snakeskin (from pythons, imported from elsewhere in Asia, rather than from Okinawa's venomous Trimeresurus flavoviridis, which are too small for this purpose). Okinawan culture also features the eisa dance, a traditional drumming dance. A traditional craft, the fabric named bingata, is made in workshops on the main island and elsewhere.
The Okinawan diet consist of low-fat, low-salt foods, such as fish, tofu, and seaweed. Okinawans are known for their longevity. Individuals live longer on this Japanese island than anywhere in the world. Five times as many Okinawans live to be 100 as in the rest of Japan, and the Japanese are the longest-lived nationality in the world.[7] There are 34.7 centenarians for every 100,000 inhabitants, being the highest ratio in the world.[8] The possible explanations to this fact is the diet, low-stress lifestyle, caring community, activity, and spirituality of the inhabitants of the island.[8].
In recent years, Okinawan literature has been appreciated outside of the Ryūkyū archipelago. Two Okinawan writers have received the Akutagawa PrizeMatayoshi Eiki in 1995 for The Pig's Retribution (豚の報い Buta no mukui?) and Medoruma Shun in 1997 for A Drop of Water (Suiteki). The prize was also won by Okinawans in 1967 by Tatsuhiro Oshiro for Cocktail Party (Kakuteru Pāti) and in 1971 by Mineo Higashi for Okinawan Boy (Okinawa no Shōnen).[9][10]

[edit]Karate

Karate originated in Okinawa. Over time, it developed into several styles and sub-styles, among them Wado RyuShorin-RyuUechi RyuGoju RyuShotokanGohaku-KaiIsshin-RyuShito-RyuShorinji Ryu and Pangai-noon.

[edit]Architecture


A traditional Okinawan house
Okinawa has many remains of a unique type of castle or fortress called Gusuku. These are believed to be the predecessors of Japan's castles. [11]
Whereas most homes in Japan are made with wood and allow free-flow of air to combat humidity, typical modern homes in Okinawa are made from concrete with barred windows (protection from flying plant matter) to deal with regular typhoons. Roofs are also designed with strong winds in mind, with each tile cemented on and not merely layered as seen with many homes elsewhere in Japan.
Many roofs also display a statue resembling a lion or dragon, called a shisa, which is said to protect the home from danger. Roofs are typically red in color and are inspired by Chinese design. [12]

[edit]Okinawa during the Vietnam War

Between 1965 and 1972 Okinawa was a key staging point for the United States, in its military operations directed towards North Vietnam. Okinawa along with Guam also presented the United States military a geographically strategic launch pad for covert bombing missions overCambodia and Laos[13]. Anti Vietnam War sentiment became linked politically to the movement for reversion of Okinawa to Japan. Political leaders such as Oda Makoto, a major figure in the Beheiren movement (Foundation of Citizens for Peace in Vietnam), believed that the return of Okinawa to Japan would lead to the removal of U.S forces ending Japan’s involvement in Vietnam[14]. In a speech delivered in 1967 Oda was critical of Prime Minister Sato’s unilateral support of America’s War in Vietnam claiming "Realistically we are all guilty of complicity in the Vietnam War"[14].
The United States military bases on Okinawa became a focal point for anti-Vietnam War sentiment. By 1969 over 50,000 American military personnel were stationed on Okinawa[15], accustomed to privileges and laws not shared by the indigenous population. The United StatesDepartment of Defense began referring to Okinawa as "The Keystone of the Pacific". This idea was even stated on U.S military license plates[16].
As controversy grew regarding the alleged placement of Nuclear Weapons on Okinawa, so fears intensified on the possible escalation of theVietnam conflict. Okinawa was now seen by some inside Japan as a potential target for China, should the communist government feel threatened by the United States.[17]. American military secrecy blocked any local reporting on what was actually occurring at such bases as Kadena. But as information leaked out, and images of air strikes were published, the local population began to fear the potential for retaliation [18].
The Beheiren became a more visible protest movement on Okinawa as the American involvement in Vietnam intensified. The anti-war movement employed tactics ranging from demonstrations, to handing leaflets to Soldiers directly, warning of the implications for a third World War[19]. The Vietnam War forced many Okinawans to address their own recent history, in particular the destruction wrought by the battle of Okinawa in World War Two. Images of devastation in Vietnam, by planes based and armed in Okinawa, led many to see parallels in the two conflicts. This sympathy for a fellow Asian nation only increased public outrage, and calls for a return to what Okinawans called "Absolute Pacifism"[20].
The United States military bases, once viewed as paternal post war protection, were increasingly seen as aggressive. The military build up on the island during the Cold War increased a division between local inhabitants and the American military. The Vietnam War highlighted the differences between the United States and Okinawa, but showed a commonality between the islands and mainland Japan.[21].

[edit]U.S. military controversy


U.S. military facilities in Okinawa
Because the islands are close to China and Taiwan, the United States has large military bases on the island. The area of 14 U.S. bases are 233 square kilometres (90 sq mi), occupying 18% of the main island. Okinawa accounts for less than one percent of Japan's land, but hosts about two-thirds of the 40,000 American forces in the country.[5] Two major bases, Marine Corps Air Station Futenma andKadena Air Base are located near residential areas. One third (9,852 acres) of the land used by the U.S. military is the Marine Corps Northern Training Area in the north of the island.
According to a 2007 Okinawa Times poll, 85% of Okinawans opposed the presence of the U.S. military[22], due to noise pollution from military drills, rare aircraft accidents, such as one in 1959which killed 17 people, environmental degradation[23], and occasional crimes committed by U.S. military personnel.[24] The Okinawan prefectural government and local municipalities have made various withdrawal demands of the U.S. military since the end of WWII[25], but no fundamental solution has ever been undertaken by either the Japanese or U.S. governments.
On September 4, 1995, two U.S. Marines and a sailor abducted and raped a 12-year-old girl. At the time of the incident, Japanese police could not arrest the men known to be involved because they had to remain with the United States Military until charged in a court, per the U.S.-Japan Status of Forces Agreement. The former[clarification needed] Marines were tried and convicted in early 1996.
The Status of Forces Agreement, which was criticized for being too protective of U.S. servicemen involved in crimes, underwent revision.
In November 1995, a group called "Okinawan Women Act Against Military Violence" was organized to raise awareness of crimes alleged to have been committed by U.S. military personnel on the island.[26] Sentiments against the United States military presence in Okinawa were inflamed further by the Michael Brown Okinawa assault incident, in which a Marine Corps Major charged with attempted rape (and later convicted of the reduced charge of attempted indecent assault) was not turned over to the Japanese authorities at their request.[27] Okinawa authorities pressed for a modification of the Status of Forces Agreement in an effort to remove the military's unilateral right to determine whether it would turn over a servicemember charged with a serious crime.[28]
Tensions increased even more following allegations of an assault committed by an American serviceman against a minor[29]. A restriction was imposed to all U.S. military and Status of Forces Agreement eligible personnel at bases in Okinawa and Iwakuni in February, 2008. It has since been lifted.[30]
In April 2008 the U.S. Military charged a Marine with raping a 14-year-old girl in Okinawa, pressing ahead with a case that spurred protests against the U.S. presence on the island. U.S. military charges against Staff Sgt. Tyrone L. Hadnott included rape, kidnapping through luring. Hadnott pleaded guilty to the assault charge, but was cleared of the charges of rape and kidnapping. He was convicted on the assault charge with a prison sentence of three years and dishonorably discharged from the U.S. military. Hadnott was not indicted by Japanese prosecutors, however, because the girl declined to file charges.[31]

[edit]Alleged former US nuclear arms base

The Japanese government strictly restrained the introduction of nuclear arms into Japanese territory by the non-nuclear policy (Three Non-Nuclear Principles). Prior to the reversion of Okinawa to Japanese administration in 1972, it is speculated, but never confirmed, that 1200 nuclear weapons were deployed to U.S. bases in Okinawa.[32] Most of the weapons were alleged to be stored in ammunition bunkers at Kadena Air Base.
It is widely speculated that not all the supposed weapons were removed from Okinawa.[33][34] Edwin O. Reischauer, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, in an interview with the Mainichi Shimbun in 1981, said that U.S. naval ships armed with nukes stopped at Japanese ports on a routine duty, and this was approved by the Japanese government.

[edit]MCAS Futenma relocation

The governments of the United States and Japan agreed on October 26, 2005 to move the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma base from its location in the densely populated city of Ginowan to the more northerly and remote Camp Schwab. Under the plan, thousands of Marines will relocate. The move is partly an attempt to relieve tensions between the people of Okinawa and the Marine Corps. Protests from environmental groups and residents over the construction of part of a runway at Camp Schwab, and from businessmen and politicians around Futenma andHenoko, have occurred.[35]
The legality of the proposed heliport relocation has been questioned as being a violation of International Law, including the World Heritage Convention, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.[36][37]

[edit]Proposed solutions

As recently as 2003 the U.S. was considering moving most of the 20,000 Marines on Okinawa to new bases that would be established in Australia; increasing the presence of U.S. troops in Singapore and Malaysia; and seeking agreements to base Navy ships in Vietnamese waters and ground troops in the Philippines.[citation needed]
As of 2006, some 8,000 U.S. Marines were being removed from the island and being relocated to Guam.[38] In November 2008, U.S. Pacific Command Commander Admiral Timothy Keating stated that the move to Guam would probably not be completed before 2015.[39]
Japan's foreign minister Katsuya Okada said he wants to review the deployment of U.S. troops in Japan to ease the burden on the people of Okinawa, where many U.S. bases are located, the Associated Press reported October 7, 2009.

[edit]Education

The public schools in Okinawa are overseen by the Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education. The agency directly operates several public high schools.[40] The U.S. Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) operates 13 schools total in Okinawa. Seven of these schools are located on Kadena Air Base.
Okinawa has many types of private schools. Some of them are cram schools, also known as juku. Others, such as Nova did, solely teach language. Since Nova's closure, more people are favoring small language schools [41]Japanese language schools for foreigners are also becoming popular in Okinawa[42].
There are 10 colleges/universities in Okinawa including the Asian Division of University of Maryland University College (UMUC).

[edit]Sports

In addition, various baseball teams hold training during the winter in the prefecture as it is the warmest prefecture of Japan with no snow and higher temperatures than other prefectures.
There are numerous golf courses in the prefecture, and there was formerly a professional tournament called the Okinawa Open.

[edit]Transportation

[edit]Air transportation

[edit]Highways

[edit]Rail

[edit]Ports

The major ports of Okinawa include

[edit]United States military installations

[edit]See also

[edit]References

  1. ^ 山下町第1洞穴出土の旧石器について(Japanese), 南島考古22
  2. ^ [Steve Rabson, "Meiji Assimilation Policy in Okinawa: Promotion, Resistance, and "Reconstruction". In Helen Hardacre, editor, New Directions in the Study of Meiji Japan. Brill, 1997. p. 642.
  3. ^ 沖縄県の基地の現状(Japanese), Okinawa Prefectural Government
  4. ^ Japanese government reveals secret nuclear agreement with the US, Chan, John., World Socialist Website retrieved March 24, 2010
  5. a b 沖縄に所在する在日米軍施設・区域(Japanese), Japan Ministry of Defense
  6. ^ Pomfret, John (24 April 2010). "Japan moves to settle dispute with U.S. over Okinawa base relocation"The Washington Post.
  7. ^ National Geographic magazine, June 1993
  8. a b Santrock, John W. A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. pg. 131-132. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
  9. ^ "Okinawa Writers Excel in Literature"The Okinawa Times (Okinawa Times). July 21, 2000. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  10. ^ "芥川賞受賞者一覧" (in Japanese). Bungeishunju Ltd.. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  11. ^ http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/okinawa_architecture.htm
  12. ^ http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/okinawa_architecture.htm
  13. ^ John Morrocco. Rain of Fire. (United States: Boston Publishing Company), pg 14
  14. a b Havens, T. R. H. (1987) Fire Across the Sea: The Vietnam War and Japan, 1965–1975. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Pg 120
  15. ^ Christopher T. Sanders (2000) America’s Overseas Garrisons the Leasehold Empire Oxford University Press PG 164
  16. ^ Havens, T. R. H. (1987) Fire Across the Sea: The Vietnam War and Japan, 1965–1975. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Pg 88
  17. ^ Mori, Kyozo, Two Ends of a Telescope Japanese and American Views of Okinawa, Japan Quarterly, 15:1 (1968:Jan./Mar.) p.17
  18. ^ ROBERT TRUMBULL, "ASIA CRISIS SLOWS OKINAWAN DRIVE :War Peril Quiets Campaign for Return to Japan." New York Times, March 10, 1965http://0-www.proquest.com.mercury.concordia.ca/ (accessed September 27, 2009)
  19. ^ Havens, T. R. H. (1987) Fire Across the Sea: The Vietnam War and Japan, 1965–1975. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Pg 123
  20. ^ Tanji, Miyume., Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa (Taylor & Francis, 2006),Pg 94
  21. ^ ROBERT TRUMBULLSpecial to The New York Times. "OKINAWA B-52'S ANGER JAPANESE :Bombing of Vietnam From Island Stirs Public Outcry." New York Times (1857-Current file), August 1, 1965, http://0-www.proquest.com.mercury.concordia.ca/ (accessed September 27, 2009).
  22. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20070930160334/http://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/edi/20070513.html
  23. ^ Impact on the Lives of the Okinawan People (Incidents, Accidents and Environmental Issues), Okinawa Prefectural Government
  24. ^ 沖縄・米兵による女性への性犯罪(Rapes and murders by the U.S. military personnel 1945-2000)(Japanese), 基地・軍隊を許さない行動する女たちの会
  25. ^ Military base Affairs Division, Okinawa prefecture
  26. ^ Okinawa Women's American Peace Caravan
  27. ^ Kyodo News (December 11, 2002). "Okinawa assembly demands major's handover in rape case"The Japan Times. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
  28. ^ Allen, David; Chiyomi Sumida (January 16, 2003). "Japanese lawmaker seeks S. Korean help in bid for SOFA changes"Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
  29. ^ US marine on Okinawa accused of raping girl, 14, Gardian, February 11, 2008
  30. ^ U.S. limits Okinawa troops to bases over rape case, Reuters, February 19, 2008
  31. ^ US marine guilty of Japan assault, BBC, May 16, 2008
  32. ^ 完全撤去の保証を与えよ(Japanese), Okinawa Times, October 22, 1999
  33. ^ "News". Japan Times. 2002-05-15.
  34. ^ 疑惑が晴れるのはいつか(Japanese), Okinawa Times, May 16, 1999
  35. ^ [1]
  36. ^ Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage
  37. ^ "Boundary Intersections of UNESCO Heritage Conventions: Using Custom and Cultural Landscapes to Save Okinawa’s Dugong Habitat from U.S. Heliport Construction"
  38. ^ DefenseLink News Article: Eight Thousand U.S. Marines to Move From Okinawa to Guam
  39. ^ Kyodo News, "Marines' Exit May Take Till '15: U.S.", Japan Times, November 9, 2008.
  40. ^ [2]
  41. ^ Jarvie, Graeme (2007-07-31). "'Eikaiwa' vets look beyond Big Four". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  42. ^ "Study and Internship Program in Okinawa, Japan". Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  43. ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/camp-kuwae.htm

[edit]External links


[edit]News

[edit]Photographs

[edit]Culture

[edit]History

[edit]Miscellany

[edit]Peace



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